The Evolutionary Puzzle of Sexual Dimorphism in Early Hominins

How Male and Female Differences Complicate the Hominin Fossil Record

Sexual dimorphism—the physical differences between males and females of a species—has long been a defining feature of primates, shaping their social structures, reproductive strategies, and even survival tactics. But for paleoanthropologists trying to sort out the tangled branches of the human family tree, these differences can cause major taxonomic hea…