Unveiling Prehistoric Social Relationships

Mapping Seven Generations of a Neolithic Family through Ancient DNA

In a groundbreaking study¹ utilizing ancient DNA, researchers have succeeded in constructing an unprecedented genealogical tree that spans seven generations of a prehistoric family. This remarkable achievement sheds light on the intricate web of social relationships that existed in ancient times.

Scientists used DNA to draw a family tree of people buried at the archaeological site called Gurgy ‘Les Noisats’. Dotted squares and circles represent genetically male and female individuals whose DNA could not be analysed. Portraits were drawn based on physical traits estimated from the DNA.Credit: Elena Plain; permission: University of Bordeaux/PACEA

By analyzing the genomes of 94 individuals from a French archaeological site, scientists were able to uncover fascinating details about the ancestral lineage. The data revealed that approximately two-thirds of the buried individuals belonged to a single family, providing a comprehensive snapshot of their kinship.

One particular grave stole the spotlight among the archaeological findings. It contained the nearly complete skeleton of a woman, accompanied by a few scattered bones that seemed to have been deliberately relocated from another burial. Astonishingly, the analysis of ancient DNA from these remains unveiled that they belonged to the male ancestor of the surrounding individuals, highlighting the importance of this man within the family.

The genealogical tree also offered insights into the social structure and reproductive patterns of the prehistoric community. While male descendants appeared to have remained in the locale, women were likely to have moved to other settlements. Moreover, the absence of half-siblings within the family suggests a monogamous mating system, distinct from other Neolithic burials.

This landmark study emphasizes the transformative role of ancient DNA analysis in enriching our comprehension of ancient populations. By unraveling the secrets held within long-deceased individuals, researchers are able to resurrect and understand the lives, cultures, and social structures of prehistoric communities.

The mapping of seven generations of a prehistoric family through ancient DNA marks a significant breakthrough in archaeological genomics. This study has unraveled the intricacies of social relationships, providing a glimpse into the lives of our ancestors. As advancements in genetic research continue to shape our understanding of the past, we can expect further revelations that uncover the mysteries of ancient civilizations.

1. Rivollat, M., Rohrlach, A.B., Ringbauer, H. et al. Extensive pedigrees reveal the social organization of a Neolithic community. Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06350-8