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Horns in the Dark
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Horns in the Dark

What a Spanish cave reveals about Neanderthal memory, place, and symbolic tradition

Deep inside Des Cubierta Cave, beyond the zones suited for sleeping or toolmaking, Neanderthals returned again and again to leave something behind. Not hearths. Not butchered meals. Skulls.1

Photographs of the primary fragments of the crania from Level 3, categorized by grades of completeness, illustrating preservation variability across specimens. Credit: L. Villaescusa et al., Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2026); CC BY 4.0

Over tens of thousands of years, they carried the horned heads of large herbivores into a confined chamber and placed them there, one accumulation layered upon another. A new study from central Spain argues that this was not accident or geology, but practice. Repeated, selective, and remembered.

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